Teaching Methodologies

Teaching methodologies are four. There are Direct-Instruction Model, Lecture Discussion Model, Group Interaction Models and Guided Discovery Model. First is Direct-Instruction Model. Direct-Instruction Model provides many opportunities to increase students motivation. There are four phases in Direct-Instruction Model. First phase is introduction and review. This phase has two aims or two activities. These are attracting attention and activating background knowledge. Second phase is presentation. In this phase teacher begins schema production and promotes involvement. Third phase is guided practice. In this phase teacher and student develops perception of competence and ensures success. Last phase is independent practice. This phase student requires to practice using the concept or skill on their own. Aims of this phase are advances schema production and develops automaticity.

Second, lecture discussion model is one of instruction teaching models which have specific purpose, that monitoring the student’s comprehension by asking them to identify the material. In addition, this instruction model can encourage students to learn more about the material, and also they can promote their ability to think some ideas and solve problem based language learning. On the other hand, this model is easy to implement in classroom by novice teacher. Lecture discussion model has five phases which is introduction, presentation, comprehension monitoring, integration, and closer. Traditionally, the teacher gives some question to their students about previous lesson in introduction phase. Next, the teacher gives new material for the students which is as lecturing method in presentation phase. Absolutely the students receive new knowledge from instruction phase, then the teacher check the student’ understanding by give them some question about the presented material in comprehension monitoring phase. In integration phase, there are equilibrium step. It absorb from Vygotski’s theory which means that students should be able to find relation from each materials. Last, the students promote their perception competence about the material. However, there is not perfect thing, lecture discussion model has weakness which is the students will feel overload.

Third is Learning Cooperative Models or we can mention same as Group Interaction Models. This method have many advantages, because when student seated next to each others and they discuss something related to the material it can be easily to understand.

There are four strategies in this model:

1.      Think-Pair-Share

2.      Pairs-Check

3.      Combining-Pairs

4.      Teammates-Consult

Think-Pair-Share is the method to make students understand about the material. At

The first teachers give question for students and we ask them to think the answer individually and then if they found the answer we ask them to share what they think with their partner. (Kagan, 1994). It is very interesting and easy for students, because we can drill them to work in group and do best in group. We can drill them to manage their emotion and their ego, because work in group it is not easy, they have to know each others if they want to get great discussion.

            Pairs-Check is strategy to know their knowledge, because teachers ask student to answer the convergent question. Students have to focus with their question. This is very appropriate to teach about problem math and for English like spelling, grammar, because teachers and students can focus with right or false answer clearly. This method also teach them to be honest people, because they do not making up their answer if they are false. I think this is appropriate for every level in school.

            Combining-Pairs I think this strategy is very important in learning and teaching, because students can share their knowledge with different group. This strategy is appropriate for high level, because they can learn with their friends however different groups. This strategy can create respect each group and they can be sportive with others groups.

            Teammates-Consult is strategy that teachers ask students to consult about the materials with their team who understand about the materials. This strategy can make them be mature and positive thinking with their friends. I think we can be easily to understand the materials if we learn in groups. In a group we also can share our knowledge and it is very interesting.

   Last model of instruction is guided discovery. On this model, teacher takes apart as an instructor to guide his/her students in learning. There are five phases on guide discovery such as introduction and review, the open-ended phase, the convergent phase, closure and application. On introduction and review, teacher starts to attract student’s attention by reviewing last lesson. After that, teacher begins to state open ended question to promote active involvement and help students begin the process of schema production. When students get the concept, teacher starts to state new question and it is different to each students.  Purpose of this phase is to develop the concept that they got (convergent phase). After completing that phase, teacher ask student to make conclusion based on what they got, and apply it in their life. The advantages of this model is, students can learn based on their discovery learning and try practically. Disadvantages of this model are, if there is unstructured or minimum guidance occur during learning activities, often leaves students frustrated, allows them to form misconception, and wasting time.

(By : Rindy, Rida, Nurlelah, and Muchlisin)